Not all types of cholesterol are bad. Increased levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) or ‘good’ cholesterol helps build healthy cells. On the contrary, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) or ‘bad’ cholesterol increases one’s risk of heart diseases. Usually, high cholesterol levels do not show any visible symptoms, however, it can lead to conditions that can trigger pain and discomfort in the body. One such health problem is Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), which occurs when narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the arms or legs. In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Dixit Garg, Consultant Cardiology, Manipal Hospital, Gurugram, explains this relationship between high cholesterol and PAD.
Understanding The Link Between High Cholesterol And PAD
“The link between PAD and cholesterol is primarily through the process of atherosclerosis,” says Dr Garg, explaining, “Atherosclerosis involves the accumulation of cholesterol, specifically low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, within the walls of arteries. This buildup leads to the formation of plaques that narrow and harden the arteries, reducing blood flow to the extremities, such as the legs.”
“As plaques grow, they restrict blood flow, resulting in symptoms like leg pain and cramping. Managing cholesterol levels through lifestyle changes and medications can mitigate the risk of atherosclerosis and PAD,” he adds.
Also Read: Understanding The Risk Of Calcium Buildup In Your Arteries: Warning Signs To Note
According to a study published in the Journal Current Cardiology Reports, PAD affects an estimated 80 lakh adults in the U.S. and 20 crore individuals worldwide.
“Clinical manifestations of PAD include claudication and lower extremity ulcers, and in severe cases, PAD may result in amputation and even death,” the study adds. Claudication is muscle pain caused by lack of oxygen triggered by activity, such as walking, and relieved by rest.
Problem That Strikes At Night
Cholesterol itself does not cause symptoms at night. However, elevated cholesterol levels over time can contribute to atherosclerosis, the narrowing and hardening of arteries, which might lead to cardiovascular symptoms like chest pain (angina) or heart attack.
These symptoms could potentially occur at any time, including during the night, if blood flow to the heart is compromised.
According to Mayo Clinic, PAD, which is caused by cholesterol build up in the arteries, can lead to several symptoms, including leg numbness or weakness, coldness in the lower leg or foot, weak or no pulse in the lower extremities, and more. In case the condition gets worse and is left untreated, it can lead to pain during rest or when lying down, especially during nighttime.
Other Common Symptoms Of PAD
Besides leg pain and cramps, here are other symptoms of PAD:
- Shiny skin on the legs
- Skin color changes on the legs
- Sores on the toes, feet or legs that won’t heal
- Pain when using the arms, activities, such as knitting, writing or doing other manual tasks
- Slower growth of the toenails
- Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
- Hair loss or slower hair growth on the legs
How To Manage Cholesterol Levels
Here are some ways to manage cholesterol levels:
- Choose foods low in saturated and trans fats
- Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
- Include sources of healthy fats like nuts, seeds, and olive oil
- Engage in regular exercise
- Achieve and maintain a healthy weight through balanced eating and exercise
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.
- Monitor cholesterol levels through regular blood tests
- Practice relaxation techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing
- Drink plenty of water to support overall health
Bottomline
A high cholesterol level is never a good sign as it raises your risk of cardiovascular problems. Although it is mostly asymptomatic, it can lead to conditions, such as PAD, which can cause issues in the lower extremities of your body (legs and feet). The key is to monitor your cholesterol levels and manage them effectively. Eating healthy, moving frequently, and controlling your stress levels are great ways to do so.